![]() If a country has a world city, it is usually their national capital – 27 of the 55 world cities were national capitals. Extending the list to 55 cities meant one was in Africa (Johannesburg) and five were in Latin America. Two US ‘world’ cities had relatively modest populations: San Francisco (3.3 million) and Minneapolis (2.9 million). Three were German, including Düsseldorf and Frankfurt with under a million inhabitants. For instance, 11 had less than 1.5 million inhabitants all were in Europe. In 2020, only 16 of the 55 ‘world cities’ were megacities (10 million plus inhabitants). If we extend our interest to all 55 cities covered in the research, all are substantial cities, but most are not among the world’s largest. The advanced producer services ranking comes from research that identified 55 ‘world cities’ based on their concentration of offices of 46 'global' advanced producer service firms. In TNC headquarters, only one city (Beijing) is not from a high-income nation – but is ranked first. Both these lists have three cities each and all but one is in China. Only two lists have cities from middle-income countries (where 72% of the world urban population live). We may talk of a global economy but most ‘global’ cities are in Europe, North America and Asia.Ĭities from low-income nations do not make any of the four lists. No African city is on any of the lists and only one of the four lists includes cities from Latin America and the Caribbean. Table 3 shows the regional distribution of the 20 highest scoring cities for each of the global city indicators. Regional spread: Europe, US and Asia still dominate… Philadelphia, Atlanta and Seattle are among the 20 cities with the highest GDPs but not within the top 20 for any of the global city indicators. Most of the cities with the largest economies are in one or more of the four global cities’ top 20 rankings the exceptions are mainly cities in the United States. Delhi, the world’s second largest city, does not appear in any of the global city rankings. By contrast, three cities score well for TNC headquarters but are not on any of the other lists: Stockholm, Houston and Dallas.īeijing is ranked top in TNC headquarters, seventh in global financial services and 15th in global cities it does not make the top 20 for advanced producer services. Hong Kong, Toronto and San Francisco score well against all four indicators Singapore and Sydney in all but TNC headquarters. All but Tokyo slipped down the rankings based on population. All benefit from being very successful tourist cities. They also have among the largest GDPs and high (but not among the highest) GDPs per capita. These lists show the power of the ‘old guard’: New York, Tokyo, London and Paris are top or close to the top. Table 1 below presents lists of the top 20 cities, ranked under these categories.īy indicator: which ‘world cities’ take the top 20 spots?
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